[00:00:08] Hello everyone, I'm Teacher Han Xue for postgraduate entrance exam politics. Welcome back to the audio-guided recitation session for the 2027 Postgraduate Entrance Exam Politics Recitation Handbook.

[00:00:15] Today we will continue our study of Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics (Mao Zhong Te), but at the same time, today is also the last day of the guided study for this subject, which means we are about to complete the study of another discipline.

[00:00:25] I believe that through your persistence during this period, everyone has already seen their own growth and progress.

[00:00:29] So you see, isn't it exactly the opposite? We always think that only after seeing success and progress can we learn to persevere, but in reality it seems to be the reverse— [00:00:36] only in the process of persevering [00:00:38] can we see our own growth [00:00:39] and see our successful selves. [00:00:41] Alright, you're ready now. [00:00:42] Let's complete today's study content. [00:00:44] Let's turn to page 85 of the book. [00:00:46] Today's task is to complete the study of [00:00:48] Topics 6 and 7 of Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics. [00:00:50] First, let's mark this down: [00:00:52] Topics 6 and 7 both revolve around [00:00:54] the corresponding exam points of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:00:57] Topics 6 and 7 are exam points centered on [00:00:59] the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:01:01] Among them, Topic 6 [00:01:03] corresponds to the formation and development of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics— [00:01:05] that is, under what historical background [00:01:08] and in what process this theoretical system was formed. [00:01:10] It's an account of a process. [00:01:11] Topic 7, on the other hand, focuses on the opening work of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics— [00:01:16] that is, Deng Xiaoping Theory—and the specific exam points it involves. [00:01:19] First, let's step into the study of Topic 6, [00:01:22] on the formation and development of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:01:24] First, we need to clarify how the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics was formed. [00:01:29] As I just mentioned, which theoretical achievement is the opening work of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics? [00:01:34] It is Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:01:36] Mark this as a single-choice question. [00:01:37] Look at the first line, which says: [00:01:38] Deng Xiaoping Theory is the opening work of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:01:42] But clearly, students, [00:01:43] the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics [00:01:45] does not only include Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:01:46] Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Important Thought of Three Represents, [00:01:49] the Scientific Outlook on Development, and Xi Jinping Thought— [00:01:51] these are all theoretical achievements within the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:01:54] But you should note [00:01:55] that the opening work within the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics [00:01:57] is Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:01:59] At the same time, let me point out a small detail to distinguish: [00:02:01] Would it be correct if I put it this way— [00:02:03] saying that Deng Xiaoping Theory is the first major theoretical achievement of the adaptation of Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times, [00:02:08] or the opening work of the theoretical achievements of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the times? [00:02:13] Can we say that? [00:02:14] No, we cannot. [00:02:15] You should note [00:02:16] that the first major theoretical achievement of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the times [00:02:20] is Mao Zedong Thought. [00:02:22] Pay attention to this [00:02:23] and distinguish them clearly: [00:02:23] the first major theoretical achievement of adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the times [00:02:28] corresponds to Mao Zedong Thought. [00:02:29] Distinguish these two small points clearly. [00:02:31] It's clear that [00:02:32] Deng Xiaoping Theory [00:02:33] also had to go through a process of formation— [00:02:35] from the formation of its theme to the formation of its outline— [00:02:37] before it could mature. [00:02:39] So next, [00:02:40] let's look at points one through five. [00:02:41] Let's mark this: [00:02:42] points one through five [00:02:43] focus on [00:02:45] the process of the formation of Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:02:47] Points one through five revolve around [00:02:49] the formation process of Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:02:51] First, [00:02:52] let's look at point one and mark it: [00:02:53] point one [00:02:54] concerns the formation of the theme. [00:02:56] Mark it as "formation of the theme." [00:02:57] We need to mark clearly [00:02:59] at which meeting [00:03:00] what theme was put forward. [00:03:01] Look: [00:03:02] the first line says [00:03:03] that at the Twelfth National Congress of the Party, [00:03:04] go to the second line— [00:03:05] socialism with Chinese characteristics [00:03:07] became the theme of all our Party's theoretical [00:03:09] and practical innovation. [00:03:11] Note that [00:03:11] Deng Xiaoping put forward the theme of socialism with Chinese characteristics at the Twelfth National Congress. [00:03:16] This small point [00:03:17] also needs to be distinguished. [00:03:18] Do you remember? [00:03:19] Earlier, Mao Zedong also put forward a proposition at a meeting— [00:03:21] what was it called again? [00:03:23] That mnemonic goes: [00:03:24] "Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee, Marxism sinicized," right? [00:03:27] So distinguish them clearly: [00:03:28] Mao Zedong put forward the proposition of the sinicization of Marxism at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee. [00:03:33] Mark this: [00:03:34] Mao Zedong put forward the proposition of the sinicization of Marxism at the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee of the Party.

[00:03:40] These two expressions distinguish two single-choice question formulations. [00:03:42] All right. [00:03:42] Now, as for Deng Xiaoping, [00:03:43] at the 12th National Congress he put forward the proposition of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:03:47] So think about it, students: [00:03:48] if China wants to pursue socialism with Chinese characteristics, [00:03:51] then China [00:03:52] must first clarify the question of what exactly socialism is, right? [00:03:55] So look at point two, which says: [00:03:57] From the 12th National Congress to the 13th National Congress, [00:03:59] Deng Xiaoping, centered on [00:04:00] what socialism is [00:04:02] and how to build socialism— [00:04:03] this fundamental theoretical and practical question— [00:04:06] carried out deep-level reflection, [00:04:07] thereby forming a series of new principles and policies [00:04:10] as well as corresponding theoretical viewpoints. [00:04:12] We will expand on this part later. [00:04:14] Then, at point three, the 13th National Congress— [00:04:16] let's mark this down— [00:04:17] corresponds to "the outline taking shape." [00:04:19] At the 13th National Congress, [00:04:21] the outline of Deng Xiaoping Theory took shape. [00:04:23] So you must distinguish: [00:04:24] the 12th Congress corresponds to "the theme being put forward," [00:04:27] while the 13th Congress corresponds to "the outline taking shape." Keep them distinct. [00:04:30] Then, at point four, [00:04:32] the 1992 Southern Talks by Deng Xiaoping—mark this down— [00:04:35] is described as the culminating masterpiece of Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:04:37] Mark it clearly: [00:04:38] the Southern Talks correspond to "the culminating masterpiece." [00:04:40] Let me give you some background: [00:04:42] the so-called Southern Talks refer to 1992, [00:04:44] when Deng Xiaoping visited Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai, and other southern areas, [00:04:49] delivering a series of important speeches [00:04:51] collectively known as the Southern Talks. [00:04:52] Through these Southern Talks, [00:04:54] many theories were systematically expounded, [00:04:56] which is why they are called the culminating masterpiece. [00:04:58] Through the Southern Talks, [00:05:00] social development was also pushed into a new stage. [00:05:02] Look at the later wording, which says: [00:05:03] the Southern Talks pushed reform and opening up and socialist modernization [00:05:07] into a new stage—mark this down. [00:05:08] As a result, Deng Xiaoping Theory gradually matured. [00:05:11] Mark it clearly: [00:05:12] the Southern Talks correspond to Deng Xiaoping Theory reaching maturity. [00:05:16] Finally, [00:05:16] at point five, the 15th National Congress formally put forward the concept of Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:05:20] Turn to page 86, first line, which says: [00:05:23] it was established as the Party's guiding ideology and written into the Party Constitution—mark this. [00:05:26] The 15th Congress put forward the concept of Deng Xiaoping Theory and established it as the Party's guiding ideology. [00:05:31] For this part, students, you mainly need to be able to match [00:05:33] which congress marked Deng Xiaoping Theory reaching what stage of development. [00:05:38] The 12th Congress corresponds to "the theme being put forward"; [00:05:40] the 13th Congress corresponds to "the outline taking shape"; [00:05:43] the Southern Talks correspond to "the culminating masterpiece" [00:05:46] and mark Deng Xiaoping Theory approaching maturity; [00:05:49] and finally, the 15th Congress put forward the concept of Deng Xiaoping Theory [00:05:52] and established it as the Party's guiding ideology. [00:05:54] You just need to clearly match these key expressions. [00:05:57] Regarding Topic Six, [00:05:58] let's note one small detail. [00:05:59] Look at the tip at the top of page 86, first line: [00:06:01] at the 17th National Congress—mark "17th Congress"— [00:06:04] the scientific concept of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics was put forward. [00:06:08] Look at the last line, which says: [00:06:09] this marked the further maturing of the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:06:13] Mark this: the 17th Congress marked its further maturing. [00:06:16] But be careful to distinguish what it marked: [00:06:17] the further maturing of the theory and practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:06:20] If the question only asks [00:06:22] what marked the gradual maturing of Deng Xiaoping Theory, [00:06:25] then the answer is the Southern Talks. Note this small detail. [00:06:28] All right, [00:06:28] that covers the key and difficult points of Topic Six. [00:06:30] Next, [00:06:31] we will formally move into Topic Seven, [00:06:33] on Deng Xiaoping Theory. [00:06:34] Let me give you a quick pointer: [00:06:35] regarding the exam points on Deng Xiaoping Theory, [00:06:37] although the content is not extensive, [00:06:39] the frequency of questions is fairly high— [00:06:40] almost every year one or two multiple-choice questions come from this part. [00:06:44] So for this section, [00:06:45] you students need to grasp some detailed expressions. [00:06:47] First of all, [00:06:48] let's look at Heading One. [00:06:49] Note this: [00:06:50] the content of Heading One can yield one single-choice question, which states: [00:06:53] the primary, fundamental theoretical question of Deng Xiaoping Theory is [00:06:58] what socialism is—

[00:07:00] How to build socialism [00:07:01] Mark this as a single-choice question formulation [00:07:03] This will help everyone understand [00:07:04] why the primary and fundamental theoretical question of Deng Xiaoping Theory [00:07:07] corresponds to "What is socialism" [00:07:09] "and how to build socialism" [00:07:10] Everyone can think about this, students [00:07:12] In the earlier period, did our Communist Party of China [00:07:14] carry out a preliminary exploration of the socialist path? [00:07:17] Of course we did [00:07:18] We went through the preliminary exploration period from 1956 to 1978 [00:07:21] At that time, our understanding of socialism was not clear enough [00:07:26] So on this basis [00:07:27] the primary and fundamental question of Deng Xiaoping Theory lies in [00:07:30] what exactly is socialism [00:07:32] and how exactly to build socialism [00:07:34] Only by first clarifying this key point [00:07:36] can we better develop socialism, right? [00:07:38] Once you understand this [00:07:39] the formulation below becomes very clear [00:07:42] The key to clarifying this question— [00:07:44] where does that key lie? [00:07:45] Look at the following formulation, which says [00:07:46] to further recognize the essence of socialism [00:07:49] Mark this clearly [00:07:50] the key corresponds to the essence of socialism [00:07:52] We need to clarify what exactly socialism is [00:07:55] So what exactly is socialism? [00:07:56] Let's look at the first point [00:07:57] The formulation on the essence of socialism is very comprehensive [00:07:59] Let's see how it is stated [00:08:00] It says: liberate the productive forces [00:08:02] and develop the productive forces [00:08:03] This centers on the level of the productive forces [00:08:06] Marxism tells us [00:08:07] that the productive forces determine the relations of production [00:08:09] and the productive forces play the ultimately decisive role [00:08:11] So the first level [00:08:12] is developed from the perspective of the productive forces [00:08:14] Next: eliminate exploitation and eliminate polarization [00:08:18] Let's mark that this centers on the level of the relations of production [00:08:21] Centered on the relations of production [00:08:23] Finally, through socialist society [00:08:25] what is our development goal? [00:08:26] To let the people live good lives, right? [00:08:28] So it says: ultimately achieve common prosperity [00:08:31] This is developed around the development goal [00:08:34] Developed around the development goal [00:08:35] So you see, now [00:08:37] our characterization of the essence of socialism is very comprehensive [00:08:40] It covers the level of the productive forces [00:08:41] and the level of the relations of production [00:08:43] and finally it also clarifies our development goal [00:08:45] This is precisely the essence of socialism [00:08:48] Once you thoroughly understand the essence of socialism [00:08:50] the significance statements below will correspond one by one [00:08:53] Students, just familiarize yourselves with them briefly [00:08:54] Now let's look at the second heading on page 87 [00:08:57] on the essence of Deng Xiaoping Theory [00:08:59] As I pointed out to you before [00:09:00] it is "emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts" [00:09:03] Again, let's make the same distinction [00:09:04] The essence of Mao Zedong Thought [00:09:06] is "seeking truth from facts"—mark this distinction [00:09:08] The essence of Mao Zedong Thought is seeking truth from facts [00:09:11] Now let's look at Heading Three [00:09:13] on the main content of Deng Xiaoping Theory [00:09:15] First, let's look at [00:09:16] Point One [00:09:17] on the theory of the primary stage of socialism [00:09:19] Regarding this part [00:09:20] there are some small details [00:09:21] that students need to mark clearly [00:09:22] Let's look at Item One, which says [00:09:24] On the eve of the convening of the Party's 13th National Congress—mark this [00:09:27] On the eve of the 13th National Congress [00:09:29] Deng Xiaoping for the first time treated the primary stage of socialism [00:09:32] as a basic national condition bearing on the overall situation [00:09:35] and grasped it as such. Keep marking [00:09:36] Clarifying this basic national condition [00:09:38] is the starting point and fundamental basis for formulating lines, principles, and policies [00:09:42] Students, let's mark this clearly [00:09:44] What do "starting point and fundamental basis" correspond to? [00:09:46] They correspond to the basic national condition [00:09:48] that is, the primary stage of socialism [00:09:50] You'll notice something, students [00:09:51] Basically, whenever we mention "fundamental basis" [00:09:54] or "basic basis," whom do we look to? [00:09:56] We always look to the national conditions [00:09:57] You see, it was the same when we studied the history outline earlier [00:10:00] It said the basic basis of the Chinese revolution—what was it? [00:10:03] It was the modern-era national conditions [00:10:04] the semi-colonial, semi-feudal society [00:10:06] And now, when we speak of the fundamental basis [00:10:08] we again look to the national conditions

[00:10:09] Now, as for China's national conditions, [00:10:11] we are in the primary stage of socialism. [00:10:14] So let's make a note here, students: [00:10:15] for the fundamental basis [00:10:16] and the basic basis, [00:10:17] where do we look? [00:10:18] We look to the current basic national conditions. [00:10:21] We must look to the current basic national conditions. [00:10:23] Mark this down as a single-choice question point. [00:10:25] Regarding this part, [00:10:26] let me point out a small detail for you. [00:10:27] We need to pay attention to this time point: [00:10:30] it was on the eve of the convening of the Party's 13th National Congress. [00:10:33] On that eve, [00:10:34] Deng Xiaoping, for the first time, already grasped [00:10:37] the primary stage of socialism as a basic national condition. [00:10:40] Then, after that, [00:10:41] at the officially convened 13th National Congress, [00:10:43] the theory of the primary stage of socialism [00:10:45] was systematically expounded. [00:10:47] For this part, [00:10:48] you must match the key time points clearly. [00:10:50] Mark it down clearly: [00:10:51] at the 13th National Congress, [00:10:52] the theory of the primary stage of socialism [00:10:54] was systematically expounded. [00:10:56] But on the eve of the 13th National Congress, [00:10:58] we had already, for the first time, [00:11:00] grasped the primary stage of socialism [00:11:01] as a basic national condition. [00:11:03] Pay attention to distinguishing this process. [00:11:04] Next, [00:11:05] let's look at point two, which is called: [00:11:06] the primary stage of socialism [00:11:08] requires a very long historical period. Mark this down: [00:11:10] it has the characteristic of being a process. [00:11:12] Mark down "process characteristic." [00:11:13] What does that mean? [00:11:14] It means that this process, [00:11:15] this stage, [00:11:16] is one we cannot bypass or skip. [00:11:18] We must go through the process [00:11:19] in order to develop. [00:11:20] Mark down "process characteristic." [00:11:21] But you must pay attention, students: [00:11:23] the primary stage of socialism [00:11:25] does have the characteristic of being a process. [00:11:26] But can we say that, [00:11:27] because it has this process characteristic, [00:11:29] therefore [00:11:29] it is a transitional-period society? [00:11:32] Is that right? [00:11:32] Is it a transitional period? [00:11:34] Of course not. [00:11:35] How could a process characteristic possibly be equated with a transitional period? [00:11:38] In China, which period only [00:11:39] was a transitional-period society? [00:11:40] That was the new democratic society from 1949 to 1956. [00:11:44] In that society, [00:11:45] we were transitioning toward socialism, [00:11:46] so it was called a transitional-period society. [00:11:48] But after the Three Great Transformations were basically completed in 1956, [00:11:52] China had already entered socialist society. [00:11:54] We were then making a specific quantitative measurement [00:11:57] on the basis of the qualitative nature of socialist society, [00:11:59] which is called the primary stage of socialism. [00:12:01] Right? [00:12:01] So let's take note: [00:12:02] process characteristic does not equal transitional period. [00:12:05] Of course, this is not a transitional period. [00:12:07] We have already entered socialist society. [00:12:09] Next, let's look at point three, [00:12:11] regarding the expression of a key phrase, which is: [00:12:13] the theory of the primary stage of socialism [00:12:15] is based on an accurate grasp of China's national conditions. [00:12:18] Centered around the national condition [00:12:19] of the primary stage of socialism being grasped, [00:12:21] it revealed the historical position of contemporary China [00:12:23] and provided the overall basis [00:12:25] for building socialism with Chinese characteristics. [00:12:26] Isn't it the same again, students? [00:12:27] The overall basis, [00:12:28] the fundamental basis, [00:12:30] the basic basis— [00:12:31] they still correspond to what? [00:12:32] Expressions centered around national conditions. [00:12:34] Right? [00:12:34] So mark it down: [00:12:35] it corresponds to questions at the level of national conditions. [00:12:37] All right, [00:12:37] those are the specific expressions concerning the theory of the primary stage of socialism. [00:12:41] So, under such basic national conditions, [00:12:42] how should China develop? [00:12:44] Let's look at point four, called: [00:12:45] the Party's basic line in the primary stage of socialism. [00:12:50] The Party's basic line [00:12:51] is "one center, two basic points." [00:12:53] You see, through the basic line, [00:12:55] we are told how to practice and pursue development. [00:12:57] So mark down the first point, called: [00:12:58] "one center, two basic points" [00:13:00] is the basic path for achieving the goals of our struggle. [00:13:03] Regarding this part, [00:13:04] we need to mark down some small details of expression.

For example, what does "one central task" mean? [00:13:08] Look at Circle 1. [00:13:08] "One central task" refers to [00:13:10] focusing on economic development.

[00:13:12] So doesn't "one central task" [00:13:13] tell us [00:13:14] what we should do? [00:13:15] Therefore, the second line says [00:13:16] it answers the question of the fundamental task of socialism. [00:13:19] Now, the Basic Line [00:13:20] includes not only one central task [00:13:21] but also two basic points.

[00:13:22] The so-called two basic points [00:13:24] correspond to Circle 2 and Circle 3: [00:13:25] the Four Cardinal Principles and Reform and Opening Up. [00:13:27] Let's mark this down. [00:13:28] Among them, the Four Cardinal Principles— [00:13:30] underline this—are the foundation for building the country, [00:13:31] the political cornerstone [00:13:34] for the survival and development of our Party and country.

[00:13:35] Upholding the Four Cardinal Principles answers [00:13:37] the question of the political guarantee for liberating and developing the productive forces. [00:13:40] Mark down "political cornerstone" [00:13:41] and "political guarantee." [00:13:43] "Foundation for building the country" corresponds to the Four Cardinal Principles. [00:13:45] Then why does it correspond to the Four Cardinal Principles?

[00:13:48] Let me explain to you what the Four Cardinal Principles are. [00:13:50] You don't need to memorize this content; [00:13:51] I'll just give you a simple understanding of it. [00:13:53] What are the Four Cardinal Principles?

[00:13:54] They mean adhering to the socialist road, [00:13:57] adhering to the people's democratic dictatorship, [00:13:58] adhering to the leadership of the Party, [00:13:59] and adhering to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. [00:14:02] So you see, through the Four Cardinal Principles, [00:14:04] haven't we clarified China's direction, [00:14:06] the state system, [00:14:07] the leadership core, [00:14:08] and the guiding ideology?

[00:14:09] Isn't this exactly where the foundation of the nation lies? [00:14:11] That's why it is called the foundation for building the country. [00:14:12] This also richly elaborates the political question, [00:14:15] hence "political cornerstone" [00:14:16] and the question of political guarantee.

[00:14:18] The other basic point refers to Reform and Opening Up. [00:14:21] Look at Circle 3 and get familiar with it briefly. [00:14:22] Reform and Opening Up is the path to a strong country; [00:14:25] it is the source of vitality—underline this— [00:14:26] for the development and progress of our Party and country.

[00:14:28] It answers the question of the driving force and external conditions for the development of socialism. [00:14:32] "Driving force" and "vitality" correspond to Reform and Opening Up. [00:14:34] Let me explain this to you.

[00:14:35] When it comes to the word "driving force," [00:14:36] it is generally paired with reform or innovation. [00:14:39] These two expressions [00:14:40] are quite common in Xi Jinping Thought and in the course on Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.

[00:14:43] Mark this down: [00:14:43] "driving force" generally corresponds to expressions like reform or innovation. [00:14:47] As for other formulations of the main content of Deng Xiaoping Theory, [00:14:49] the exam prep summary lists them as the second small point: [00:14:51] important formulations. [00:14:52] We should become more familiar with these key expressions.

[00:14:54] For example, Circle 1 is the fundamental task of socialism. [00:14:57] At its root, what do we need to do? [00:14:59] Going down to the root: the productive forces are the ultimate decisive force in social development.

[00:15:03] So the fundamental task corresponds to developing the productive forces. [00:15:06] And how can we better develop the productive forces? [00:15:08] We must achieve this through Reform and Opening Up.

[00:15:10] Look at Circle 2: Reform and Opening Up is the most distinctive feature of Deng Xiaoping Theory—underline it. [00:15:14] It is the clear hallmark and source of vitality of contemporary China. [00:15:18] See that?

[00:15:18] "Vitality" again corresponds to Reform and Opening Up. [00:15:21] Furthermore, Reform and Opening Up is the crucial move that determines China's destiny, [00:15:25] and also the crucial move for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. [00:15:28] Match these up clearly: [00:15:29] "crucial move" corresponds to Reform and Opening Up.

[00:15:32] Students, you can mark down a mnemonic: "fang zhao"—and you'll remember it. [00:15:35] "Fang zhao": [00:15:36] "fang" corresponds to Reform and Opening Up, [00:15:37] and "zhao" corresponds to the crucial move.

[00:15:39] Next, [00:15:40] let's mark down the characterization of reform: [00:15:42] reform is a profound social transformation, [00:15:45] China's second revolution, [00:15:46] and the only path to realizing China's modernization. [00:15:49] Mark down "second revolution." [00:15:51] But you must pay attention, students: [00:15:52] this so-called "second revolution"— [00:15:54] is it a revolution in the traditional sense?

[00:15:56] Of course not. [00:15:57] You need to understand what a revolution in the traditional sense means: [00:15:59] it refers to one class overthrowing another class. [00:16:02] But for China now to overthrow the socialist system?

[00:16:04] Absolutely impossible. [00:16:06] Note this: [00:16:06] this "revolution" is not a revolution in the traditional sense, [00:16:08] but rather an adjective, [00:16:09] referring to the depth of its transformation. [00:16:11] Then we...

Let's take a look at what this is about.

[00:16:12] Here we see part of the content [00:16:14] stating that it is not a revolution [00:16:16] in the original sense of one class overthrowing another class. [00:16:18] So what is it? [00:16:19] Underline this: [00:16:20] It is the self-improvement and development of the socialist system. [00:16:23] But at the same time, you should note [00:16:24] that the reform that follows is not a minor patching-up of the original economic system, [00:16:29] but a fundamental transformation of the system. [00:16:32] Pay attention, students: what does the reform change? [00:16:34] Does it change the system (制度)? [00:16:35] No—the system does not undergo fundamental transformation; [00:16:37] it is self-improvement and development. [00:16:39] What is changed? What is changed is the institutional framework (体制). [00:16:41] The institutional framework is what undergoes fundamental transformation. [00:16:43] So, as we see later, didn't China change [00:16:46] from a planned economy system to a market economy system? [00:16:48] So note that what corresponds here is the fundamental transformation of the institutional framework. [00:16:51] Then, how do we judge whether our reform is good or bad? [00:16:53] There must be a criterion for judgment, right? [00:16:55] So let's look at Point 5, [00:16:56] the "Three Favorables" criterion for judging [00:16:59] the rights and wrongs, gains and losses of reform and work in all areas. [00:17:01] Mark this down as a multiple-choice question with answers A, B, and C. [00:17:03] On the second line, A is: [00:17:05] whether it is favorable to developing the productive forces of socialist society— [00:17:08] mark "productive forces." [00:17:09] B is: whether it is favorable to enhancing the comprehensive national strength of the socialist country— [00:17:14] mark "country." [00:17:14] C is: whether it is favorable to improving the people's living standards— [00:17:18] mark "the people." [00:17:18] It is reflected through three levels: [00:17:20] the level of productive forces, [00:17:21] the level of the country, and the level of the people. [00:17:23] Now let me ask you: [00:17:24] among these three levels, [00:17:25] which one should be the most fundamental, [00:17:26] the primary one? [00:17:27] It is still the question of productive forces. [00:17:29] This is the fundamental task, [00:17:31] the ultimate decisive force. [00:17:32] Now look at the fourth line and mark a single-choice question: the statement that [00:17:35] developing the productive forces of socialist society— [00:17:37] underline this—is the primary [00:17:38] and most fundamental criterion. [00:17:40] Just briefly familiarize yourself with the rest of the content. [00:17:42] As we mentioned just now, [00:17:43] our reform and opening up [00:17:44] is a fundamental transformation of the institutional framework. [00:17:46] How is this transformation carried out? [00:17:47] We change the socialist planned economy system [00:17:49] into a socialist market economy system. [00:17:52] Now let's move on to Part Two, [00:17:54] the connotation of the theory of the socialist market economy. [00:17:56] For the statements in this section, [00:17:58] students, you must grasp them very accurately. [00:18:00] Which ones are correct [00:18:01] and which ones are incorrect— [00:18:02] you must match them up clearly. [00:18:04] Get ready— [00:18:04] let's move into the first statement. [00:18:06] First, the planned economy and the market economy— [00:18:09] underline this—are not criteria for distinguishing social systems. [00:18:12] What does this mean? [00:18:13] It means that the planned economy does not equal socialism, [00:18:16] and the market economy does not equal capitalism. [00:18:17] If you adopt a planned economy, [00:18:18] you can still have a capitalist system. [00:18:20] That's what it means. That's the first point. [00:18:21] Now let's move to the second point: [00:18:23] Second, both planning and the market are economic means. [00:18:26] Mark this down: [00:18:26] they are merely economic means. [00:18:28] Then the emphasis is on the third point—mark it: [00:18:30] Third, the market economy, [00:18:32] as a means of resource allocation— [00:18:34] underline this—does not in itself possess any systemic attribute. [00:18:37] It can be combined with different social systems, [00:18:40] thereby displaying different characteristics. [00:18:42] In other words, whether it is the market economy [00:18:44] or the planned economy, [00:18:46] both can be combined with the capitalist system [00:18:48] or the socialist system. [00:18:50] They do not possess systemic attributes. [00:18:52] So, since they do not in themselves possess systemic attributes, [00:18:55] this means that in our socialist society in China, [00:18:57] can we use the market economy as a means of resource allocation? [00:19:00] Of course we can. [00:19:01] They can be combined with each other, [00:19:03] forming the socialist market economy system. [00:19:05] So pay attention, students: [00:19:07] what can be combined? [00:19:08] The market economy or the planned economy— [00:19:11] these can be combined with a social system, [00:19:14] with either the socialist system or the capitalist system. [00:19:17] But note one detail, students: [00:19:19] among them, the planned economy and the market

Economy

[00:19:22] Both of these are questions of economic systems.

[00:19:25] So, the two economic systems—

[00:19:27] can they be combined with each other?

[00:19:29] No, they cannot be combined.

[00:19:30] Come on, everyone, let's mark down a note.

[00:19:31] Mark it down clearly: the planned economy and the market economy

[00:19:35] are two different economic systems.

[00:19:38] Mark down: the planned economy and the market economy

[00:19:41] are two different economic systems,

[00:19:43] and the two of them cannot be combined with each other.

[00:19:47] Mark it down—

[00:19:47] the two of them cannot be combined with each other.

[00:19:50] Pay attention here:

[00:19:51] the planned economy and the market economy—

[00:19:53] what do they combine with?

[00:19:54] With the socialist system

[00:19:55] and the capitalist system.

[00:19:57] They combine with systems.

[00:19:57] But,

[00:19:58] the two systems—

[00:19:59] the market economy

[00:20:00] and the planned economy—

[00:20:01] these two systems

[00:20:02] cannot be combined with each other.

[00:20:04] Keep this distinction clear.

[00:20:05] So, from everything we've said above,

[00:20:07] the bottom line is one conclusion,

[00:20:08] which means

[00:20:08] that our socialist system

[00:20:10] can combine with—

[00:20:11] it can combine with the market economy system,

[00:20:14] thereby forming

[00:20:14] the theory of

[00:20:15] the socialist market economy.

[00:20:16] So let's look at the next line, which says:

[00:20:18] Upholding the combination of the socialist system with the market economy

[00:20:22] is what makes the socialist market economy distinctive

[00:20:25] and gives it its advantages.

[00:20:26] Just get familiar with this briefly.

[00:20:27] All right, that covers the main content of Deng Xiaoping Theory.

[00:20:30] Finally, let's turn to Heading Four:

[00:20:31] the historical status of Deng Xiaoping Theory.

[00:20:34] Get familiar with it at a macro level—this can appear in multiple-choice questions again.

[00:20:36] It's very simple.

[00:20:36] Mark down A, B, C.

[00:20:37] A says:

[00:20:38] Deng Xiaoping Theory is the inheritance and development of Marxism-Leninism

[00:20:40] and Mao Zedong Thought.

[00:20:43] B says:

[00:20:43] it is also the opening work of the theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics—

[00:20:46] I've already mentioned this to you.

[00:20:46] And C:

[00:20:47] it is also the scientific guide for reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

[00:20:52] Let me restate this once more:

[00:20:53] the scientific guide for what?

[00:20:55] It is definitely reform and opening up and socialist modernization.

[00:20:58] Can it be changed to "revolution"?

[00:20:59] No.

[00:21:00] Revolution corresponds to Mao Zedong Thought.

[00:21:02] Let me repeat, everyone:

[00:21:03] revolution corresponds to Mao Zedong Thought,

[00:21:05] while Deng Xiaoping Theory

[00:21:07] corresponds to reform and opening up and modernization.

[00:21:10] Keep these correspondences straight.

[00:21:10] All right, everyone,

[00:21:11] that covers

[00:21:12] all the key and difficult points of Mao Zedong Thought and the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics.

[00:21:15] The remaining parts

[00:21:15] are generally not very difficult;

[00:21:17] there are just some details

[00:21:18] that you all need to distinguish clearly.

[00:21:19] All right,

[00:21:20] everyone,

[00:21:21] the subject of Mao Zedong Thought and Socialism with Chinese Characteristics is now complete—

[00:21:23] we've achieved another small accomplishment,

[00:21:25] another small victory.

[00:21:26] Finally, let's move on to the module on

[00:21:28] reading materials

[00:21:28] and identifying the underlying principles.